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Closing the plastic budget equation in fluvial systems: A review of monitoring methods.

The Science of the total environment 2026

Summary

Researchers reviewed monitoring methods for all transport and storage compartments in river plastic budgets—surface load, suspended load, bed load, sediment, floodplains, and biota—finding that surface transport is relatively tractable while bed load and biotic storage remain poorly quantified, and proposing a generalized budget equation to guide more complete fluvial plastic accounting.

Study Type Environmental

As plastic waste increasingly accumulates in aquatic environments, recent efforts have focused on quantifying the contribution of riverine sources to the ocean's plastic pollution. Accurate monitoring of fluvial plastics is challenging because plastics are transported and stored in different layers and compartments. Some processes, such as surface transport, can be measured relatively easily, while others, including bed load transport or storage in biota, remain difficult to assess. We start with a generalized formulation of the plastic budget equation, where we identify several transport and storage terms. Subsequently, we review common monitoring methods for plastics transported as surface load, suspended load, and bed load, as well as for plastics stored in sediments, floodplains, and fluvial biota. Overall, we hope to contribute to a better understanding and monitoring of fluvial plastic dynamics, with the aim to support the development of viable strategies regarding plastic pollution management and remediation.

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