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Microplastic degradation methods
Summary
This review examines methods for degrading microplastics, which are plastic particles smaller than 5 mm that have become ubiquitous contaminants throughout the biosphere. Researchers synthesized physical, chemical, and biological degradation approaches, evaluating their efficacy for reducing microplastic persistence in the environment and mitigating associated health and ecological risks.
Mikroplastika (MP) su plastične čestice manje od 5 mm koje predstavljaju sveprisutno onečišćenje u svim dijelovima biosfere. Zbog postojanosti i male veličine ulaze u hranidbeni lanac, akumuliraju se u organizmima te mogu uzrokovati štetne učinke na zdravlje ljudi i životinja. Radi štetnog učinka važno ih je ukoniti iz okoliša. Razgradnja MP može se podijeliti na kemijsku, bio- i fotorazgradnju. Kemijska razgradnja obuhvaća hidrolitičku i oksidativnu razgradnju. Biorazgradnja se temelji na primjeni mikroorganizma poput bakterija, algi i fungi, koji uz pomoć enzima razgrađuju polimere, no taj proces je spor i često neuspješan. Fotorazgradnja je metoda koja se odvija u prisutnosti sunčevog svjetla, ekonomično je prihvatljiva, no učinkovitost u prirodi je vrlo niska. Najveći potencijal prikazuje kombinacija metoda, kojom se može poboljšati učinkovitost i smanjiti negativan utjecaj MP na okoliš.
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