Plastisphere in Aquatic Food Production Systems and Seafood Safety

Plastics, especially microplastics (MPs), can accumulate in water bodies. A diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and other microorganisms, can colonize the plastic surfaces, forming what is known as the plastisphere. This concept is particularly relevant in aquaculture systems where water quality and ecosystem interactions are critical. Understanding the plastisphere’s dynamics is essential for assessing potential risks and impacts on aquatic food production systems, including effects on water quality, ecosystem health, and the organisms within these systems. Plastic-related pollution threatens sustainable seafood security in the aquatic ecosystem. While MPs are a danger themselves for safe food consumption, they significantly amplify the effects of existing chemical and microbial hazards. Efforts to mitigate the presence of MPs and their effects on the plastisphere are important for maintaining the sustainability and consumer safety of aquatic food production. As the world population continues to increase, the demand for food also rises. While meeting the nutritional needs of humans was sufficient in the past, today, the methods of producing these foods and their sustainability and safety have become crucial considerations. This necessitates the development and updating of food production systems. Access to healthy foods is possible through a healthy ecosystem, making it essential for production to be approached from an ecosystem perspective. Particularly in the context of aquatic environments, the implementation of ecosystem-based production models becomes even more critical. Aquatic food production systems are gaining popularity due to their potential to create a sustainable ecosystem. In particular, Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) and aquaponic systems offer significant advantages, including minimal water usage, reduced space requirements, and adaptability to various locations. These systems efficiently utilize waste for the production of diverse species, while boasting low carbon and water footprints. Functioning as ecosystem-like setups, they leverage the benefits of bacteria, further enhancing their sustainability and environmental efficiency. However, their novelty and lack of knowledge compared to traditional systems result in gaps in understanding their capabilities in filtering particulate matter in water and accumulating contaminants, such as MPs and NPs.