Macroplastic Accumulation in Coastal Communities of Iligan Bay, Philippines: A Reflection of the Municipal Solid Waste Management

Marine plastic pollution has become a growing environmental concern, particularly in coastal regions where plastic waste directly threatens marine ecosystems and the socio-economic conditions of coastal communities. Despite this, limited studies have focused on macroplastic litter in the coastal areas of Southern Philippines, particularly the factors contributing to its accumulation, such as local waste management practices and community behaviors. This study assessed the prevalence, types, and density of macroplastics in three coastal municipalities along Iligan Bay: Naawan, Manticao, and Lugait. Results showed that macroplastic litter was abundant in all sites, with Lugait recording the highest density (1.04/m²), followed by Naawan (0.83/m²), and Manticao (0.80/m²). The most common waste items were food packaging (25%), plastic bottles (22%), and plastic bags (17%), resulting in Multilayers (30%), PET (25%), and PP (20%) as the most prevalent polymer types. Clean-coast-index (CCI) classified Lugait as an extremely dirty coast, while Naawan and Manticao were classified as dirty. The focus group discussion revealed that poor waste management and residents' disposal practices can be attributed to the abundance of macroplastics. Overall, this study highlights the critical need for targeted interventions by Local Government Units to improve waste management and mitigate macroplastic accumulation in Iligan Bay.