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Managing Urban Water Resources: A Review of Challenges, Techniques, and Sustainability Strategies
Summary
Despite its title referencing urban water resource management, this paper is a broad review of water management challenges and tools — including hydrological modeling, remote sensing, and integrated governance strategies — rather than a study of microplastic pollution. It reviews planning frameworks and case studies related to water sustainability and does not examine microplastics or their health effects.
This paper highlights key challenges in coastal urban water resource management, focusing on the environmental, socio-economic, and governance dimensions that widely contribute to these issues. It discusses assessment methods, such as hydrological modeling, involving the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), the Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS), Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), and water quality assessment, emphasizing their practical usage, benefits, and disadvantages. It also highlights sustainable development strategies, such as Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Source-to-Sea (S2S) approaches, community-based management, and hybrid strategies integrating Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) and engineered solutions. This paper also identifies the best practices, stresses gaps in the current methodologies, and provides practical recommendations to strengthen resilience and sustainability, drawing on global case studies. Finally, the need to integrate new technologies, participatory governance, and adaptive management requirements is emphasized, serving as a guide towards policymaking, and practices on how to deal with the development of water resource challenges.
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