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Microplastic Pollution in India: Environmental Effects and Recent Developments in Microbial Biodegradation of Secondary Microplastics
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Tiny plastic bits called microplastics, broken down from larger plastic waste, are turning up everywhere in India's water, soil, and food chains, and this review rounds up what scientists currently know about the problem there. The good news: researchers are finding certain bacteria and fungi that can actually break down these plastic particles, offering a promising natural cleanup method. Since microplastics can enter our bodies through food and water, understanding how to remove them from the environment matters for reducing our long-term exposure.
The increased global production of plastic materials and the presence of plastic waste in the environment have resulted in widespread environmental contamination despite the presence of restrictions from various governments. The breakdown of macroplastic materials has resulted in the formation of microplastics (MPs; ≤ 5 mm), which are now widespread in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. The widespread presence of MPs in the environment poses severe ecotoxicological risks to organisms at various trophic levels. Although there has been increased interest in the study of the impacts of MPs, critical knowledge gaps still exist regarding the application of remediation measures at various scales. This article aims to comprehend the present status of global MP contamination, with a special focus on the patterns of contamination and the difficulties associated with environmental monitoring in India. The study also examines advances over the last decade in the biodegradation of secondary MPs using bacterial and fungal consortia. The critical parameters associated with the degradation process, the efficiency of the microorganisms in various experimental setups, and the associated enzymatic processes are critically reviewed in the study.
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Microplastics and Environment: A mini Review on Detection, Removal, Health Issues and Regulation on India’s Perspective
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This review addresses microplastic detection, removal, and health risks in India, examining how plastics degrade through various processes into microscopic particles that enter air, water, and food systems. The authors assess the current state of microplastic research, analytical methods, and regulatory frameworks in India and identify critical gaps in monitoring and policy.
Microplastics pollution in Indian marine environment: sources, effects and solutions
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This review provides a comprehensive look at microplastic pollution in India's marine environment, covering sources, transport, effects on marine life, and potential solutions. Microplastics are being ingested by organisms at every level of the food chain, causing inflammation, hormonal disruption, and reproductive problems that eventually affect humans through seafood. The authors call for stronger policies, better waste management, and public awareness to address this growing threat to both marine ecosystems and human health.
Biodegradation of Microplastics by Filamentous Fungi: A Novel Approach for Polymer Remediation
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Microplastics are tiny plastic particles that build up in our environment—and our bodies—because they barely break down naturally. This review pulls together current research on certain fungi that produce special enzymes capable of breaking down these plastics, suggesting a promising, more natural cleanup method. While the science is still developing and not yet ready for widespread use, it offers hope for reducing microplastic pollution that could otherwise keep accumulating in our food, water, and bodies.
Microplastic pollution in environmental systems and sustainable mitigation strategies with case studies from India
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Tiny plastic particles called microplastics are now everywhere—in oceans, soil, drinking water, city air, and even Arctic ice—and this review pulls together what scientists know about how they spread and how to track them. While the paper focuses mainly on environmental pollution rather than direct health studies, it matters to us because these are the same particles we breathe and drink daily, and researchers are still working out the health consequences. The good news: the article highlights real-world solutions, including community recycling programs in India, showing that better policies and citizen action could help curb this growing problem.
Microplastic Pollution in India's Marine and Inland Environmental Matrices: A Comprehensive Review
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This review pulls together existing research showing that tiny plastic fragments called microplastics are widespread in India's rivers, coastlines, and drinking water sources, and that fish and other seafood are absorbing them too. This matters because when we eat contaminated seafood or drink affected water, we may be ingesting these particles ourselves, though scientists are still working to fully understand the health effects. The review mainly highlights gaps in current research, signaling that more studies are needed to pin down exactly how risky this contamination is for people.
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