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Sensing of Microplastics Using Advanced Materials: A Comprehensive Review
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This review surveys advanced materials—including iron oxide and gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, MOFs, conductive polymers, and biopolymers—that enable sensitive detection and removal of microplastics and nanoplastics from environmental matrices. Rapid, reliable sensing technologies are foundational to understanding human and ecological exposure levels and evaluating the effectiveness of remediation strategies.
This study focuses on the utilization of advanced materials in sensing of microplastics (MPs) in the environment. Many nnanomaterials like iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), display great sensitivity and specificity in MP sensing when measured by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The growing prevalence of microplastics (MPs) and nano plastics (NPs) in aquatic and terrestrial environments stimulated for the development of effective and rapid techniques for sensing of MPs. detection sensitivity and sustainability of carbon-based materials such as quantum dots and carbon nanotubes were improved using fluorescence and field effect transistors. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and their derivatives were reported for the detection of MPs in complicated matrices. The conductive polymers and composites facilitate the electrochemical detection of MPs even under difficult environmental conditions the sustainable. Recently, microplastic monitoring and removal techniques have been strengthened through the application of various eco-friendly and biocompatible materials such as biopolymers (e.g., chitosan, alginate), nanomaterials (e.g., cellulose nanofibers), plant-derived adsorbents, magnetic biocomposites, and microbial systems, which contribute to enhanced detection, adsorption, and degradation of MPs. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including matrix interference correction, real-world use, and sensor standardization. The use of artificial intelligence improves data processing, increases detection accuracy, and enables real-time monitoring. To address the microplastic pollution, support environmental cleanup efforts, and inform regulatory systems, AI-driven methodologies, and sensor technologies have been found more effective.
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Advanced Nanomaterials for Microplastic Detection and Degradation: A Sustainable Approach to Environmental Remediation
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Researchers examined how advanced nanomaterials can be engineered to detect and degrade microplastics in the environment, presenting a sustainable remediation approach that leverages nanoscale properties to address the growing challenge of microplastic pollution across ecosystems.
Discrete sensors to detect microplastics in environment
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This review surveys discrete sensor technologies — including optical, resonance, autonomous, and biosensors — developed for in situ detection of microplastics in environmental samples, highlighting the challenges posed by particle size, transparency, and varying surface structures. Rapid, field-deployable microplastic detection tools are essential for real-time environmental monitoring, which is a prerequisite for understanding pollution hotspots and assessing human exposure risks.
Advanced strategies for the detection, Removal, and degradation of microplastics: Bridging science and sustainable technologies
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Microplastics, tiny plastic particles found in water, food, and even our bodies, are a growing health concern because they can carry toxic chemicals and don't break down easily. This review rounds up the latest tools scientists have for finding these particles, removing them from the environment (like advanced filters and light-based treatments), and even breaking them down using bacteria and enzymes. The takeaway: while promising cleanup technologies exist, researchers still need to weigh how practical, affordable, and environmentally friendly these solutions are before they can be widely used to reduce our exposure to microplastics.
Micro-nanoplastics in the Environment: Current Research and Trends
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Researchers review current knowledge on micro- and nanoplastic distribution across environmental compartments, documenting ingestion and inhalation pathways through food chains and evaluating trends in contamination levels in agricultural, aquatic, and human biological systems.
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