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Tire-Derived Microplastics as Environmental Drivers of Chronic Disease: Mechanistic Pathways Linking Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Injury, and the InflammoThrombotic Immunologic Response Running Title: Tire Microplastics and Chronic Disease Mechanisms
Summary
Researchers review the mechanisms by which tire wear particles drive human chronic disease risk, linking their oxidative, endothelial, and immune-activating properties to vascular dysfunction and prothrombotic signaling — and highlighting disproportionate exposure in urban and high-driving populations.
Tire-derived microplastics are an increasingly recognized source of environmental exposure with direct implications for human health. This manuscript reviews the generation, distribution, and biological activity of tire wear particles, emphasizing their role as drivers of oxidative stress, endothelial injury, immune activation, and the InflammoThrombotic Immunologic Response. The review synthesizes evidence from environmental monitoring, mechanistic studies, and population-level exposure patterns to outline how tire wear particles contribute to chronic disease risk. Particular attention is given to the pathways linking microplastic-associated chemicals and particle surfaces to vascular dysfunction, inflammation, and prothrombotic signaling. This work highlights the growing public health relevance of tire-derived microplastics, the disproportionate exposure experienced by high-driving and urban communities, and the need for integrated environmental and biomedical research to better characterize these risks. The manuscript provides a mechanistic framework for understanding how tire wear particles function as environmental drivers of chronic disease.