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A critical analysis of technological interventions towards the national action plan for marine litter management 2018-2025: recommendations for addressing marine plastic litter in the ‘new balis’ of Indonesia sustainably
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This dissertation evaluates technological interventions for addressing marine plastic litter in Indonesia's ten priority 'New Bali' tourism destinations within the framework of the National Action Plan for Marine Litter Management 2018–2025. It applies SWOT analysis to assess intervention options and recommends integrating sustainable tourism principles and international partnerships to ensure long-term effectiveness.
This dissertation aims to provide recommendations for addressing marine plastic litter in the ‘New Balis’ of Indonesia sustainably through technological interventions in the framework of the National Action Plan for Marine Litter Management 2018-2025. ‘New Balis’ are the 10 prioritized tourism destinations in Indonesia to be developed and promoted. The ‘New Balis’ development is a national strategic project to boost national income from tourism sector which have been directed by Indonesian President since 2015. This is because tourism is a rapidly growing economic sector in Indonesia. However, ‘New Balis’ are also facing a global challenge called marine plastic litter. Marine plastic litter is a threat to ‘New Balis’ due to has potential impacts on the reduction of marine environment sustainability, health of tourists and local communities as well as tourism business income. Since 2018, Indonesian government has established and promulgated the National Plan of Action on Marine Litter Management 2018-2025. This national plan consists of three important key aspects of interventions (i.e. societal effort, technological application and institutional coordination) and five strategies for addressing marine litter in Indonesia, in particular to manage 70% of marine plastic litter by 2025. The strategies include 1) National movement for raising awareness of stakeholders, 2) Land-based litter management, 3) Litter management at sea and coasts, 4) Funding mechanism, institutional strengthening, monitoring and law enforcement, and 5) Research and development. In this dissertation research, technological interventions around the world and in Indonesia are reviewed and analyzed on their relevance to the national action plan as well as the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of potential impacts after intervening the technologies in the ‘New Balis’. In order to ensure technological interventions will be sustainable for addressing marine plastic litter in the ‘New Balis’, the aspects of sustainable tourism and international partnerships are also recommended to be considered by Indonesian government and related stakeholders.
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