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FRAGMENT-MNP: A model of micro- and nanoplastic fragmentation in the environment

The Journal of Open Source Software 2025 2 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
S. Harrison, Cansu Uluşeker, Patrizia Pfohl, Katherine Santizo, Katherine Santizo, Joana Marie Sipe, Brandon Lopez, Antonia Praetorius, Richard K. Cross, Gbotemi A. Adediran, Claus Svendsen, Wendel Wohlleben, Mark R. Wiesner

Summary

Researchers developed an open-source computer model called FRAGMENT-MNP that simulates how plastic debris breaks down into smaller micro- and nanoplastic particles over time in the environment. The model predicts fragmentation patterns based on the physical properties of different plastics and environmental conditions. This tool gives scientists a new way to understand and forecast how plastic pollution evolves, which is important because particle size affects how plastics move through ecosystems and interact with living organisms.

The degradation and fragmentation of plastics in the environment is an important but relatively poorly characterised process. Fragmentation leads to the formation of micro- and nanoplastics, and research has shown that particle size and shape, and thereby fragmentation, impacts a variety of processes, such as the ability of organisms to uptake plastics, and the movement of plastics around the environment (Thompson et al., 2024; Thornton Hampton et al., 2022). In this paper, we present the FRAGMENT-MNP model as an open-source mechanistic model of micro- and nanoplastic degradation and fragmentation. FRAGMENT-MNP predicts how pieces of plastic can break part (fragment), providing invaluable insights into fragmentation dynamics to help develop our understanding of plastic degradation and fragmentation, and offering predictive capabilities to enable better prediction of the fate and exposure of plastics in the environment.

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