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A review of fundamentals, challenges, prospects, and emerging trends in hydrate-based desalination
Summary
This review covers hydrate-based desalination, a water purification technology that uses less energy than conventional methods. While the paper focuses on converting saltwater to freshwater, the technology is relevant to microplastic concerns because it could provide cleaner drinking water in regions where water sources are contaminated. The review examines the environmental and toxicity concerns of chemicals used in the process and compares its sustainability to other desalination approaches.
Hydrate-based desalination (HBD) has emerged as a promising technology among conventional desalination methods due to its low energy consumption, wide operating window with regards to total dissolved solids (TDS), and efficient water recovery. This paper provides an in-depth review of the fundamental properties of hydrates, including thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of their formation. Then, it delves into recent advancements in thermodynamic and kinetic hydrate promoters that aim to address HBD's main challenge, which is the slow hydrate formation process. Subsequently, the review systematically examines environmental and toxicity concerns associated with chemicals used in HBD, addressing the growing demand for sustainable and biodegradable desalination solutions. Finally, a comparative analysis between HBD and conventional methods highlights its potential as an energy-efficient and selective desalination process poised to enhance sustainability within the water-energy-environment nexus.
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