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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of microplastics in runoff sediments and their correlation with land use and occupation in an urban area in the city of Bauru-SP
Summary
Researchers analysed the qualitative and quantitative distribution of microplastics in urban runoff sediments across different land use categories in Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil, including social housing, traditional residential, high-income residential, commercial, and industrial zones. Results indicated that microplastic abundance in transported sediments correlated with land use intensity, with more densely populated and active areas generating higher microplastic loads entering urban drainage networks.
As partículas de microplásticos (MPs) são um dos principais poluentes produzidos atualmente, causando uma enorme preocupação ambiental no mundo. Este trabalho investigou as características da distribuição das fontes de MPs em área urbana do município de Bauru-SP e sua disposição em diferentes tipos de ocupação do solo. Foram analisados sedimentos transportados pelo escoamento superficial direto que se depositam e entram pelas redes de microdrenagem. As áreas da pesquisa foram classificadas em regiões de habitações de interesse social, ocupação tradicional e de alto padrão econômico, comercial e industrial. Os dados foram classificados e os resultados relacionados a ocupação urbana. As análises obtidas indicam que a quantidade de MPs transportados pode estar correlacionada com o uso do solo, onde especificamente, os dados revelaram que áreas mais densamente povoadas e com maior atividade antrópica (habitação popular e comércio) geraram uma quantidade maior de MPs. No entanto, os tipos de MPs encontrados não apresentaram uma relação direta com o padrão de ocupação do solo, pois em todas as amostras analisadas, a sequência quantitativa foi: fibras > fragmentos > filmes > grânulos. Todavia, a maior concentração de MPs por unidade de área (2,15 unid./kg.m²) foi detectada na área comercial, sugerindo que o intenso tráfego de veículos, mesmo em regiões com menor área pavimentada, pode ser uma fonte significativa de partículas de desgaste de pneus (TWP). Os sedimentos apresentaram granulometria predominantemente entre 0,1mm e 2,0mm, caracterizando o solo da região como arenoso. As diferenças observadas nas concentrações e composição do MPs entre os usos do solo enfatizam a importância de considerar os contextos urbanos específicos ao implementar estratégias de mitigação.
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