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Ecotoxicological effects of emerging pollutants (nanomaterials and microplastics) on fish biology
Summary
This review compiles current knowledge on how emerging pollutants including nanomaterials and microplastics affect fish biology, covering impacts on physiology, behavior, and molecular function. Researchers highlight that advanced methods like genomics and micro-CT imaging are revealing new details about how these pollutants damage fish at the cellular and tissue level. The study underscores the growing threat these contaminants pose to aquatic ecosystems and the fish species within them.
Emerging contaminants, including heavy metals, nanomaterials, microplastics, and industrial chemicals pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and fish health. The emerging pollutants are majorly produced during industrial processes, urbanization, and mining. This review study compiled current knowledge on the ecotoxicological effects of these pollutants on fish biology, encompassing physiological, behavioral, and molecular responses. Innovative methodologies have been used to comprehensively assess toxicological responses, such as high-throughput omics, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics can elucidate molecular-level disruptions. In addition, advanced bioimaging techniques e.g., micro-CT scanning can assess internal tissue damage caused by pollutants non-invasively. Furthermore, eco-epidemiological models integrating field and laboratory data will enhance predictive risk assessments. Regulatory frameworks must evolve to incorporate sublethal and chronic toxicity endpoints, ensuring more comprehensive environmental protection strategies. Collaborative efforts among researchers, policymakers, and industries are essential to mitigate contamination sources and develop sustainable remediation approaches for aquatic ecosystems.
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