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Devenir des Micro-Nano-Plastiques (MNP) au contact des membranes biomimétiques et protéines : suivi par microscopie 4D (r,t) et diffusion des rayonnements
Summary
This study assessed the chronic effects of polystyrene microplastic exposure on the reproductive output and offspring quality of freshwater copepods, finding reduced fecundity and offspring development rates after multi-generational exposure. Maternal transfer of particles to egg masses was documented, indicating a route of offspring exposure independent of direct environmental contact.
Fate of smallest plastic fragments released in the environment is nowadays a great concern for our societies. Micro and NanoPlastics (MNP, diameter<20µm) raise a lot of questions since they can be ingested by marines’ organisms, pass through biological barriers, and end up in trophic food chains. It is well known that particles interact with proteins which leads to the formation of a protein corona (eco-corona) modifying their biological identity and fate.We propose here a study of the MNPs’ fate in saline environment using model biomimetic systems and studying their diffusion in solution. Our study is organized in three axes: I) the study of the eco-corona formation by monitoring the interaction between nano-plastics and BSA model proteins using small angles X-rays scattering technique. This work contains full characterization of nano-plastics using light scattering techniques with an original analysis procedure; II) the elaboration of a supported biomimetic membrane model (phospholipid bilayer DOPC, POPC,...), unique, fluid, and stable in marine salt conditions. This model permits to simulate the interface of cell membranes. For this analysis we used multi-contrast neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements with a resolution up to the molecular segments’ identification. III) A spatio-temporal study of the Brownian trajectories in 4D(r,t) for micro-plastics interacting with single biomimetic membranes. An optical setup and analyzing algorithms of trajectories were developed for individual particles tracking when approaching membranes. We also discuss the problem of stability of MNP/Model protein-corona particles and of biomimetic membranes in marine salinity conditions.