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Microplastics in Indonesian Seafood: Are Codex Alimentarius Standards the Missing Piece?
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This legal analysis evaluated whether existing Codex Alimentarius food safety standards are adequate to address microplastic contamination in Indonesian seafood exports, finding significant regulatory gaps that leave consumers and trade partners poorly protected.
The spread of microplastics in fisheries products poses an immediate danger to food safety, the environment, and international commerce, particularly for Indonesia, one of the world’s top seafood exporters. This paper evaluates the legal adequacy of Codex Alimentarius standards regarding microplastics pollution in the domain of Indonesian fisheries law. This study employs a normative legal approach alongside a comparative analysis of the Indonesian laws on food safety and the environment to pinpoint gaps in legislation and international standards, as well as structural obstacles to the integration of international benchmarks. It also studies policy practices from the European Union to extract lessons applicable to Indonesia. By analyzing microplastic regulation under Codex Alimentarius, this study challenges existing assumptions where the guidance is considered “soft law” by legal scholars and aims to fill a gap in legal discourse. Furthermore, the study illustrates a step-by-step approach to domesticating the Codex through international law on environment and trade by suggesting a framework that would enable them to be implemented. The results clearly indicate the urgency to reinforce the control system in Indonesia to reconcile it with international instruments of law in terms of human health and sustainable commerce. This research highlights emerging issues regarding the intersection of food safety, environmental crime, and international legal oversight in lower-income nations where scholarly literature is scarce.
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Microplastic Contamination in Fish and Shellfish: A Review
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This review examined microplastic contamination in fish and shellfish consumed by Indonesian populations, covering detection methods, contamination levels, and potential human health risks. The authors found that microplastics are widespread in commercially important species and called for national-level monitoring programs and regulations on plastic discharge into aquatic environments.
The Importance of Regulating Plastic Marine Pollution for the Protection of Indonesian Marine Environment
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This legal analysis examines the adequacy of international law and Indonesian national law for protecting the country's marine environment from plastic pollution. The author argues that existing regulations are insufficient and recommends stronger domestic legislation and greater international cooperation.
International Law and Regulation of Marine Microplastics: Current Situation, Problems, and Development
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This study evaluated the current international legal framework governing marine microplastic pollution and identified significant gaps in regulatory coverage. Researchers found that existing global and regional legal instruments lack the specificity and enforcement mechanisms needed to effectively address microplastic contamination. The study offers recommendations for strengthening international law to better regulate the sources and impacts of marine microplastic pollution.
Microplastics occurrence in the commercial Southeast Asian seafood and its impact on food safety and security: A review
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This review summarizes evidence of microplastic contamination in commercially harvested seafood across Southeast Asia, covering fish, shellfish, and crustaceans. Given the region's high seafood consumption, the authors highlight food safety concerns and call for standardized monitoring and regulatory frameworks.
Microplastic Contaminant in Indonesia: A review on Debris, Exposure, Health Risk and Future Perspective
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This Indonesian review collates data on microplastic contamination across the country's marine and coastal environments, documenting debris in fish, shellfish, and seawater, and assessing exposure and health risks for the Indonesian population. Given Indonesia's status as one of the world's largest sources of ocean plastic waste, the findings underscore both local exposure risks and the country's critical role in global microplastic pollution.
Research digests by email
When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.