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Inhalation of polycarbonate emissions generated during 3D printing processes affects neuroendocrine function in male rats
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Researchers exposed male rats to emissions from polycarbonate 3D printing for up to 30 days and found significant neuroendocrine disruption, including reduced thyroid-stimulating hormone, FSH, and prolactin, along with olfactory bulb cell injury and decreased sperm precursor cells — effects similar to known bisphenol A exposure.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing of manufactured goods has increased in the last 10 years. The increased use of this technology has resulted in questions regarding the influence of inhaling emissions generated during printing. The goal of this study was to determine if inhalation of particulate and/or toxic chemicals generated during printing with polycarbonate (PC) plastic affected the neuroendocrine system. Male rats were exposed to 3D-printer emissions (592 µg particulate/m3 air) or filtered air for 4 h/day (d), 4 days/week and total exposures lengths were 1, 4, 8, 15 or 30 days. The effects of these exposures on hormone concentrations, and markers of function and/or injury in the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus and testes were measured after 1, 8 and 30 days exposure. Thirty days of exposure to 3D printer emissions resulted in reductions in thyroid stimulating hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin. These changes were accompanied by (1) elevation in markers of cell injury; (2) reductions in active mitochondria in the olfactory bulb, diminished gonadotropin releasing hormone cells and fibers as well as less tyrosine hydroxylase immunolabeled fibers in the arcuate nucleus; and (3) decrease in spermatogonium. Polycarbonate plastics may contain bisphenol A, and the effects of exposure to these 3D printer-generated emissions on neuroendocrine function are similar to those noted following exposure to bisphenol A.
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Inhaled polycarbonate feedstock 3-D printer emissions initiate a bisphenol A-like phenotype in rat liver
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Rats that breathed in fumes from 3D printers using polycarbonate plastic developed liver damage that looked strikingly similar to injuries caused by BPA, a chemical linked to hormone disruption and other health problems. The effects showed up quickly (within a day) and worsened over a month of exposure, suggesting that these printers may release BPA-like substances into the air that could pose real risks to people who use them regularly, especially in poorly ventilated spaces like homes or classrooms.
Inhaled polycarbonate feedstock 3-D printer emissions initiate a bisphenol A-like phenotype in rat liver
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When rats breathed in fumes from 3D printers using polycarbonate plastic, their livers developed damage, including inflammation and altered fat metabolism, that closely resembled the harmful effects seen with bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical linked to hormone disruption. This suggests that 3D printer emissions may release BPA-like compounds that can harm your liver if inhaled, which is worth knowing if you use or work near these printers regularly, especially without proper ventilation.
Inhaled polycarbonate feedstock 3-D printer emissions initiate a bisphenol A-like phenotype in rat liver
AI summary Read the abstract
Scientists found that when rats breathed in fumes from 3D printers using polycarbonate plastic, their livers developed damage strikingly similar to the effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical linked to hormone disruption and liver problems. This suggests that people who regularly use these 3D printers, especially in poorly ventilated spaces, may be inhaling BPA-related compounds that could harm liver health over time, highlighting a need for better ventilation and safety practices around 3D printing.
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