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Microplastic and Nanoplastic Pollution in Different Environments: Freshwater and Marine Perspectives
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This collection focuses on advancing understanding of micro and nanoplastic pollution across freshwater and marine ecosystems, covering occurrence, characterization, sources, transport, fate, and ecological impacts. It highlights research on both conventional and emerging water environments and evaluates mitigation strategies and policy interventions for aquatic microplastic contamination.
Aquatic pollution by micro- and nanoplastics (M/NPs) has emerged as a critical global issue with widespread ecological and economic consequences. The increasing distribution of miniaturized plastic particles—namely microplastics (less than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (less than 1 μm)—across diverse ecosystems is a major environmental concern. These persistent synthetic fragments pose significant risks to human health and the environment due to their resistance to degradation and potential for adverse impacts. This collection aims to advance understanding of micro- and nanoplastic (M/NP) pollution across a range of aquatic ecosystems, from rivers and estuaries to coastal and open-ocean systems. It also highlights research on the occurrence, characterization, sources, transport processes, fate, impacts, potential mitigation strategies, and policy interventions in both freshwater and marine environments.
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Plastic pollution in marine and freshwater biota
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Researchers compiled a special issue reviewing the current science on plastic pollution — including micro- and nanoplastics — in marine and freshwater environments, identifying key gaps in understanding how these particles move through ecosystems and harm aquatic life. The collection aims to support stronger science-based environmental policies addressing plastic pollution in aquatic systems.
Microplastics and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Sources, Toxicity, and Ecological Implications
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This review summarized the sources, environmental distribution, toxicological effects, and ecological impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics, drawing on two decades of research across marine, freshwater, soil, and atmospheric environments. The paper highlighted the global scale of MNP contamination and the urgent need for policy action to reduce plastic pollution.
Microplastics in Natural Waters: Occurrence, Risks and Mitigation Strategies
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A comprehensive synthesis of microplastic research in natural waters documents their sources, transport dynamics, and toxicological effects on aquatic organisms—including immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity—while noting that most laboratory exposure concentrations remain unrealistically high compared to field conditions. Bridging this gap between experimental design and environmentally relevant exposures is essential for producing credible human health risk assessments from microplastic ingestion and inhalation.
Pollution to Solution: Understanding and Addressing Microplastic Contamination in the Environment
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This review synthesizes current knowledge on how microplastics and nanoplastics are distributed across freshwater and marine environments, how they interact with and are taken up by aquatic organisms, and what removal technologies show the most promise. It covers the full lifecycle from macroplastic fragmentation to nano-scale particles, and surveys physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods. The review provides a useful overview for researchers and environmental managers looking to understand the scope of the microplastic problem and identify where interventions are most needed.
Micro- and Nano-Plastics Contaminants in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Toxicity, Detection, Remediation, and Sustainable Perspectives
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This review provides a broad overview of micro- and nanoplastic pollution, covering where these particles come from, how they spread through the environment, and the damage they cause to living things including humans. The authors also compare different methods for removing microplastics from the environment, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. The paper calls for more research and global cooperation to develop better tools for measuring the health risks of plastic pollution.
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