Application of novel sustainable bio-plastic materials in horticultural production

Bioplastics have emerged as a sustainable and safe alternative in the production of various horticultural crops, with applications ranging from nursery practices to packaging. Over the past two decades, increasing ecological awareness has driven significant advancements in the development and use of biodegradable polymers to address the issue of plastic waste. Biopolymers derived from renewable resources offer strong potential as eco-friendly substitutes for petroleum-based plastics. Research and practical applications have demonstrated the effective use of biodegradable plastics in horticulture, including mulching films, biodegradable pots, seed encapsulation, bioplastic granules for pest and disease management, and controlled-release systems for pesticides, fertilizers, and packaging materials. Notably, the first bioplastic was synthesized from a bacterium as early as 1926. However, despite their early discovery, synthetic polymers came to dominate due to their versatility and widespread industrial use, including in agriculture. The primary concern arises from their nonbiodegradable nature, leading to persistent environmental pollution and the growing problem of microplastics due to excessive use and inadequate recycling. In response, the past two decades has seen renewed efforts to synthesize bioplastics from agricultural products and bio-waste to mitigate the negative impacts of conventional plastics. This review highlights current research and development in bioplastics, their applications in agriculture and horticulture, and their influence on crop productivity, soil and plant health, and produce quality.