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Silicon Nanoparticles Alter Soybean Physiology and Improve Nitrogen Fixation Potential Under Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Summary
Researchers investigated the combined effects of silicon dioxide nanoparticles and elevated CO2 (645 ppm) on soybean physiology, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient dynamics under climate stress conditions. The combination of nano-silicon and elevated CO2 synergistically enhanced shoot length by 30%, total chlorophyll by 112%, and photosynthetic efficiency, suggesting nano-silicon may help crops adapt to future climate conditions.
The interactive effects between nano-silicon dioxide (n-SiO2) and elevated CO2 (eCO2; 645 ppm) on soybean physiology, nitrogen fixation, and nutrient dynamics under climate stress remain underexplored. This study elucidates their combined effects under ambient (aCO2; 410 ppm) and eCO2 conditions. eCO2 + n-SiO2 synergistically enhanced shoot length (30%), total chlorophyll (112.15%), and photosynthetic rate (103.23%), alongside improved stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 (17.19%), optimizing carbon assimilation. Nodulation efficiency increased, with nodule number and biomass rising by 48.3% and 53.6%, respectively, under eCO2 + n-SiO2 versus aCO2. N-assimilation enzymes (nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase) surged by 38.5-52.1%, enhancing nitrogen metabolism. Concurrently, phytohormones (16-21%) and antioxidant activities (15-22%) increased, reducing oxidative markers (18-22%), and bolstering stress resilience. Nutrient homeostasis improved, with P, K, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn elevating in roots (13-41%) and shoots (13-17%), except shoot Fe and Zn. These findings demonstrate that n-SiO2 potentiates eCO2-driven benefits, amplifying photosynthetic efficiency, nitrogen fixation, and stress adaptation through enhanced biochemical and nutrient regulation. This synergy underscores n-SiO2 role in optimizing crop performance under future CO2-rich climates, advocating nano-fertilizers as sustainable tools for climate-resilient agriculture.
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