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Micro-/Nano-Plastics as Carriers of Heavy Metals to Exacerbate the Stress Response of Ciliates from Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Perspectives
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Micro-/nano-plastics as vectors of heavy metals and stress response of ciliates using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses
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This study examined how polystyrene microplastics and nanoplastics interact with cadmium to affect single-celled marine organisms called ciliates. The combined exposure was more toxic than either pollutant alone, disrupting the organisms' metabolism and stress responses at the genetic level. The findings demonstrate that microplastics can make heavy metal pollution worse by carrying metals into cells, a concern for marine food web contamination that could ultimately affect seafood safety.
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Researchers exposed the filter-feeding ciliate Stentor coeruleus to high concentrations of polystyrene microplastics and found that while the organism survived and reversed phenotypic changes within 24 hours of removal, transcriptomic analysis revealed activation of oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, and xenobiotic clearance pathways, with exposure significantly reducing energy transfer efficiency in microbial food webs.
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Researchers reviewed the toxicological effects of micro- and nanoplastics on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, finding that these particles cause oxidative stress, reproductive impairment, developmental delays, and neurological dysfunction, with nanoplastics generally more toxic than microplastics due to their greater cellular penetration.
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