Tribological Applications of Natural Filler Composites Review Article

Natural filler composites have gained significant attention as sustainable alternatives to traditional synthetic polymers, particularly in tribological applications where friction, wear, and lubrication behavior are critical. These eco-friendly composites incorporate natural fibers such as flax, hemp, kenaf, jute, and agricultural residues like rice husk and wheat straw into polymer matrices, enhancing performance while reducing environmental impact. Recent studies have demonstrated that natural filler composites can achieve comparable or superior tribological properties to synthetic fiber composites under certain conditions. Factors such as fiber treatment, filler type, filler content, and matrix compatibility play crucial roles in optimizing tribological behavior. This review discusses the various types of natural fillers, their influence on tribological performance, current industrial applications, key challenges, and future prospects. Special focus is given to recent advancements in surface modification techniques and hybrid composite designs, aiming to overcome the limitations associated with natural fillers, such as moisture absorption and thermal instability. This comprehensive review provides insight into the growing potential of natural filler polymer composites for tribological applications across automotive, aerospace, biomedical, marine, and industrial sectors.