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Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Optimization of Polyacrylamide‐Grafted Ocimum Basilicum Mucilage Using 3 2 Factorial Design: Characterization and Functional Property Assessment
Summary
Researchers synthesized polyacrylamide-grafted Ocimum basilicum mucilage using microwave-assisted chemistry and a factorial design, finding that grafting enhanced water-holding capacity and mucoadhesive properties compared to unmodified mucilage for controlled-release drug delivery applications.
Abstract Ocimum basilicum mucilage (OBM) is widely used in pharmaceuticals, beverages, and food additives. However, its hydrophilicity, insolubility in organic solvents, rapid swelling, limited mechanical strength, and mucoadhesive properties can limit its applications. This study focused on synthesizing polyacrylamide‐grafted OBM (PAM‐g‐OBM) to enhance its water‐holding capacity for controlled‐release drug delivery systems. Using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an initiator, 11 batches ( B1–B11 ) were designed via a 3 2 factorial design, with % grafting (% G) and % grafting efficiency (% GE) as key responses. FTIR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis confirmed successful grafting. Desirability analysis identified B8 (%G: 680 ± 1.5, %GE: 130 ± 0.25, Swelling ratio: 58.31) as the optimized batch with a desirability score of 0.995. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant quadratic and interaction effects for % G and % GE (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0016, respectively). PAM‐g‐OBM showed a significantly higher water‐holding capacity (8.33 ± 0.15) compared to OBM (1.45 ± 0.09). Its shear‐thinning behavior supports its suitability for pharmaceutical applications. Biocompatibility was validated through hemocompatibility and cell viability assays. These findings highlight the potential of PAM‐g‐OBM as a safe and effective polymer for controlled‐release drug delivery systems, with enhanced functional properties and no observed toxicity.
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