Sources and Impacts of Microplastics in Aquatic Environment and Remediation Strategies

Microplastics, originating from various sources such as degraded larger plastics, industrial processes, personal care products, and textile fibers, have become a pervasive pollutant in aquatic environments. These tiny plastic particles pose significant ecological and health risks by entering food chains, disrupting aquatic ecosystems, and releasing toxic chemicals. Their presence affects aquatic organisms, humans, and water quality. Effective remediation strategies include filtration techniques, bioremediation using microorganisms, and advanced oxidation processes. Additionally, public awareness campaigns, regulatory measures, and the promotion of sustainable alternatives to plastics are essential to mitigate microplastic pollution and safeguard aquatic ecosystems. This chapter describes several sources of microplastics and their potential impact not only on human health but also on ecology. An overview of the remediation of microplastics using some conventional and advanced technologies is discussed.