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Management of Marine Plastic Debris: Ecotoxicity and Ecological Implications
Summary
This chapter examines the ecotoxicology of marine plastic debris across macro, micro, and nanoscales, covering toxicity to plankton, air environments, and terrestrial ecosystems from ocean plastic contamination. An integrated approach to plastic management is proposed encompassing environmental, socioeconomic, and public health dimensions to address infrastructure challenges, low awareness, and low community engagement in plastic pollution reduction.
Plastic garbage in the sea is a global issue that affects marine life and the ecosystem. It is critical to manage plastic garbage in the ocean to reduce the toxicity of this debris on an ecological level, which is the purpose of this chapter's topic. The focus of the discussion is not only on handling plastic waste but also on the micro and nanoscale. This chapter has five topics. The first discussion covers the composition, dominant type of plastic waste found in the sea, and where the plastic waste comes from; the second discussion covers the extent of the toxicity of plastic waste in the ocean to plankton species as producers in the main chain of aquatic ecosystems, the toxicity of plastic waste in the ocean to the air environment, and the toxicity of plastic waste in the ocean to terrestrial ecosystems. The extent of plastic waste's ecological impact is examined in the third discussion. The fourth discussion includes solutions for reducing, collecting, and recycling garbage made of plastic in various countries. The fifth topic on managing garbage made of plastic or debris from plastic in the ocean is an integrated environmental, socioeconomic, and public health approach. This strategy is supposed to assist in overcoming infrastructure challenges, a need for more consciousness, and low levels of engagement among communities.