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The Problem of Plastic Waste, A Comparison of the Systems in Indonesia and the Netherlands: The Urgency of State Intervention and Legal Instruments
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This study compares plastic waste management systems in Indonesia and the Netherlands, finding that the Netherlands' circular economy approach — including extended producer responsibility, single-use plastic bans, and mandatory labeling — offers a model for Indonesia to reduce plastic waste imports and improve environmental sustainability.
The trading phenomenon of plastic waste from the Global North to the Global South has caused environmental issues due to the production and import of poorly managed plastic waste in the recipient countries. This research aims to compare the existing plastic waste management systems in Indonesia and the Netherlands and to examine state intervention and legal instruments in place. Data is analyzed qualitatively by comparing and discussing the juridical and socio-political aspects descriptively, thus highlighting the complexity of the plastic waste issue and the importance of interventions to renew plastic waste management, taking examples from Global North countries like the Netherlands. The Netherlands implements a circular economy scheme with the concept of extended producer responsibility, banning single-use plastics, mandating labeling on plastic products, promoting waste sorting, and increasing public awareness. Through these steps, Indonesia is expected to improve waste management towards environmental sustainability and gradually reduce plastic waste imports.
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A normative analysis of Indonesian plastic waste governance found that existing laws and regulations contain significant weaknesses, including inadequate enforcement mechanisms and unclear stakeholder roles, calling for strengthened legal approaches to address the country's major plastic pollution problem.
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This qualitative analysis reviewed plastic waste management challenges in Indonesia and Thailand, finding both countries face serious environmental impacts from inadequate waste infrastructure, high plastic consumption, and imported plastic waste. Recommendations included extended producer responsibility, improved collection systems, and regional policy coordination.
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This review examines plastic pollution in Bali, Indonesia, where high tourist volumes and poor waste management combine to create severe environmental contamination of freshwater and marine ecosystems. It highlights the need to adopt successful NGO models, accelerate recycling infrastructure, and implement a circular economy approach to address the problem sustainably.
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