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Orthodontic derived microplastics impact macrophage differentiation and homeostasis
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Researchers found that commonly used orthodontic materials release micro- and nanoplastic particles that are readily taken up by immune cells called macrophages. The particles triggered a shift toward pro-inflammatory immune responses, with direct-printed polymer materials releasing higher levels of immunostimulatory particles, raising concerns about both local oral health effects and potential systemic immune impacts from dental devices.
Our findings reveal that commonly used orthodontic materials release micro- and nano-plastics that are readily taken up by macrophages, with direct-printed polymers releasing higher levels of immunostimulatory particles. The resulting shift toward pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotypes raises concern that material choice could influence not only local oral health but also systemic immune responses. These results underscore the importance of evaluating microplastic release in dental and medical devices to guide safer material selection and minimize unintended biological consequences.
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Effects of microplastic release from 3D-printed orthodontic aligners: a histological and immunological bioassay approach.
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3D-printed clear aligners (a popular alternative to traditional braces) can shed tiny plastic particles, and this study found that these particles triggered inflammation and stress responses when tested on living tissue. While the research used leeches rather than humans, it's an early warning sign that the materials used in some orthodontic devices may not be as harmless as assumed, and more real-world testing is needed before we know what this means for people's mouths.
Microplastics released from dental materials induce oral inflammatory bone resorption and apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction
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Researchers reviewed the oral cavity as an underexplored entry point for micro- and nanoplastics from dental products, toothbrushes, restorations, and implants, finding evidence linking local particle exposure to oral diseases including periodontitis and oral cancer, and noting that particles crossing oral barriers can disseminate systemically to worsen inflammatory and metabolic conditions.
Microplastics and nanoplastics in clinical dentistry and orthodontics: leaching, health implications, and future directions: a narrative review
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This narrative review examines the release of microplastics and nanoplastics from orthodontic appliances including aligners, retainers, and dental adhesives during routine wear and mechanical stress, calling for thorough investigation into health implications given the long-term use of these plastic-based devices.
Macrophage extracellular trap formation and oxidative stress in periodontal cells associated with clear aligner-derived microplastics
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Clear aligners (the clear plastic teeth-straighteners) can shed tiny microplastic particles, and lab tests show these particles trigger immune cells to release inflammatory "traps" while causing oxidative stress that damages bone-forming cells near the gums. This early-stage cell study suggests long-term aligner wear might contribute to gum and bone irritation, though more research is needed to confirm this happens in real mouths, not just lab dishes.
Research digests by email
When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.