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Research Progress on Micro (Nano)Plastics Exposure-Induced miRNA-Mediated Biotoxicity
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This review examines how exposure to micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) alters microRNA (miRNA) expression and activates competing endogenous RNA networks including lncRNAs and circRNAs, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The authors find that dysregulated miRNA expression from MNP exposure increases risks of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, with implications for understanding MNP-driven human health impacts.
Micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) are ubiquitously distributed in the environment, infiltrate organisms through multiple pathways, and accumulate, thus posing potential threats to human health. MNP exposure elicits changes in microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), thereby precipitating immune, neurological, and other toxic effects. The investigation of MNP exposure and its effect on miRNA expression has garnered increasing attention. Following MNP exposure, circRNAs serve as miRNA sponges by modulating gene expression, while lncRNAs function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) by fine-tuning target gene expression and consequently impacting protein translation and physiological processes in cells. Dysregulated miRNA expression mediates mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress, thereby increasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. This tract, blood, urine, feces, placenta, and review delves into the biotoxicity arising from dysregulated miRNA expression due to MNP exposure and addresses the challenges encountered in this field. This study provides novel insights into the connections between MNPs and disease risk.
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C. elegans nematodes were exposed to 100 nm nanopolystyrene at 1 μg/L (predicted environmental concentration) and 7 microRNAs were found to be dysregulated in a dose-dependent manner, with functional analysis linking specific miRNAs to the regulation of nanoplastic toxicity responses. The study reveals a previously uncharacterized microRNA-mediated molecular mechanism underlying nanoplastic toxicity.
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