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Efficiency of Microorganisms and Effectiveness of Biodegradation Techniques on LDPE Plastics: A Systematic Review
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Researchers systematically reviewed microbial approaches to degrading low-density polyethylene (LDPE), finding that bacterial genera like Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus, along with certain fungi and microbial consortia, are most effective, with scanning electron microscopy, gravimetry, and FTIR identified as the most reliable techniques for measuring biodegradation.
The most efficient microorganisms in LDPE degradation are Enterobacter spp., Pantoea spp., Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, and Bacillus spp.; in fungi Neopestalotiopsis phangngaensis, Colletotrichum fructicola, and Thyrostroma jaczewskii; and in microbial consortia, those formed by Enterobacter spp. and Pantoea sp., and that of P. protegens, Stenotrophomonas sp., B. vallismortis and Paenibacillus sp.; and the most effective techniques used in LDPE biodegradation are SEM, gravimetry, and FTIR.
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Referee report. For: Efficiency of Microorganisms and Effectiveness of Biodegradation Techniques on LDPE Plastics: A Systematic Review [version 2; peer review: 3 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
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A peer reviewer evaluated a systematic review of LDPE biodegradation, which synthesized 50 studies and found that bacterial genera such as Enterobacter and Pantoea achieve the highest weight-loss efficiencies (up to 81% in 120 days), while fungi like Neopestalotiopsis phangngaensis and mixed consortia also show meaningful degradation rates under laboratory conditions.
Referee report. For: Efficiency of Microorganisms and Effectiveness of Biodegradation Techniques on LDPE Plastics: A Systematic Review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
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A second peer reviewer assessed the same systematic review of LDPE-degrading microorganisms, confirming its PRISMA-based methodology and findings that Enterobacter, Pantoea, and Pseudomonas bacteria, along with select fungi and microbial consortia, achieve the highest polyethylene degradation efficiencies measured by gravimetry, SEM, and FTIR.
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Researchers estimated the plastic particle footprint of the agri-food sector across the supply chain from farm to retail, quantifying contributions from agricultural plastic films, food packaging, and post-harvest plastic inputs. The analysis revealed that agricultural production phases contribute comparable plastic particle loads to food packaging in overall agri-food system plastic burdens.
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