Current Methods and Possible Improvements for Composting as a Sustainable Solution for Organic Solid Waste Management

The generation of Municipal Solid trash (MSW) is increasing quickly due to worldwide population growth and urbanisation, which is causing environmental and social worries about sustainable trash management.The present study aims to fill the research void on composting optimisation by proposing that incorporating cutting-edge technologies and best practices can boost the process's effectiveness.Data were gathered by employing the Google Scholar and Scopus databases to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the body of extant literature.An overview of municipality organic waste composting is given in the review, along with information on its advantages, disadvantages, and opportunities for improvement.Recent technical advancements are also considered, along with important areas for ongoing development.The investigation focused on how technical developments in composting, such as the use of inoculants containing bacteria or invessel composting, have significantly increased the compost's effectiveness and quality.Nonetheless, a number of obstacles still need to be overcome, such as controlling pollutants like micro plastics and heavy metals, guaranteeing the safety and quality of the compost, and removing socioeconomic hurdles that impede its broad use.Furthermore, to fully realise the endless possibilities of decomposition systems, political and public participation, ecological and economic assessment, and process optimisation are necessary.