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Current Methods and Possible Improvements for Composting as a Sustainable Solution for Organic Solid Waste Management
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This study examined the ingestion and biological effects of polystyrene nanoplastics in the liver cells of mammals under laboratory conditions. Nanoplastics entered hepatocytes and caused mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative DNA damage, suggesting that nanoscale plastic particles may pose cellular and genotoxic risks to mammalian liver function.
The generation of Municipal Solid trash (MSW) is increasing quickly due to worldwide population growth and urbanisation, which is causing environmental and social worries about sustainable trash management.The present study aims to fill the research void on composting optimisation by proposing that incorporating cutting-edge technologies and best practices can boost the process's effectiveness.Data were gathered by employing the Google Scholar and Scopus databases to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the body of extant literature.An overview of municipality organic waste composting is given in the review, along with information on its advantages, disadvantages, and opportunities for improvement.Recent technical advancements are also considered, along with important areas for ongoing development.The investigation focused on how technical developments in composting, such as the use of inoculants containing bacteria or invessel composting, have significantly increased the compost's effectiveness and quality.Nonetheless, a number of obstacles still need to be overcome, such as controlling pollutants like micro plastics and heavy metals, guaranteeing the safety and quality of the compost, and removing socioeconomic hurdles that impede its broad use.Furthermore, to fully realise the endless possibilities of decomposition systems, political and public participation, ecological and economic assessment, and process optimisation are necessary.
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Composting as a Sustainable Solution for Organic Solid Waste Management: Current Practices and Potential Improvements
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This systematic review of composting practices finds that technological advances like microbial inoculants and in-vessel systems have improved efficiency, but managing contaminants such as heavy metals and microplastics in compost remains a significant challenge. The presence of microplastics in organic waste streams threatens compost quality and can introduce plastic pollution into agricultural soils.
The role of microbial inoculum in improving composting performance and promoting compost maturation: A review
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This review critically examines microbial inoculation strategies for accelerating composting performance and promoting compost maturation, synthesizing findings on single-strain and consortia inocula and their effects on composting phases, microbial succession, and physicochemical parameters. The authors identify how strategic microbial inoculation can enhance nutrient balance, reduce composting time, and improve the quality of finished compost.
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This bibliometric review analyzed 827 publications on municipal solid waste compost over 50 years using the Bibliometrix tool, revealing substantial global growth in research interest particularly over the past two decades and identifying key trends and knowledge gaps.
Microbial regulation of organic solid waste composting: Lignocellulose degradation (fertilization), process gas emissions, and containment of typical pollutants
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This review examines how microbial agents can improve composting of organic solid waste by enhancing lignocellulose breakdown, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and managing pollutants including microplastics. Researchers found that inoculating compost with bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes accelerates decomposition, promotes humus formation, and can decrease heavy metal bioavailability and degrade antibiotics. The study suggests that complex microbial formulations show greater stability and environmental adaptability due to synergistic effects.
Municipal solid waste compost: Global trends and biogeochemical cycling
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This review examines the growing global use of municipal solid waste compost as a soil enhancer and carbon mitigation tool in agriculture. Researchers analyze how the composition and quality of compost varies based on processing methods and feedstock materials, and discuss its role in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling. The study also addresses emerging concerns about compost as a potential pathway for microplastic and heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils.
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