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Estudios de contenido de microplásticos en tracto digestivo de tiburón azul y tiburón martillo del noroeste de México
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Researchers analyzed digestive tracts of blue sharks and common hammerhead sharks caught off Baja California between 2022 and 2023, finding plastic particles in 100% of specimens. A total of 151 particles were identified, predominantly fibers composed of rayon and PET polymers, confirmed via FTIR spectroscopy.
La producción en aumento de plástico ha generado una creciente contaminación en los ecosistemas marinos, donde los microplásticos son ingeridos por la vida marina, afectando la cadena trófica. A pesar de la conciencia sobre este problema, el conocimiento de sus efectos es limitado. Los tiburones tienen una importancia económica significativa en el Pacífico mexicano, son un grupo crucial para investigar los impactos de la contaminación plástica. Se realizó un estudio en la costa occidental de la Península de Baja California entre 2022 y 2023, donde se recolectaron muestras de tiburones azules y tiburones martillo común, se analizó la presencia de partículas plásticas en sus órganos digestivos. Se utilizó un proceso de digestión química, seguido de filtración y análisis microscópico; mediante espectroscopía FTIR se identificó el tipo de material. Los resultados revelaron que el 100% de los tiburones analizados tenían partículas plásticas en su tracto digestivo, con un total de 151 partículas identificadas, principalmente fibras. La composición de estas partículas fue variada, con polímeros como rayón y pet como los más comunes. En este estudio se subraya la necesidad de investigaciones adicionales para comprender mejor el impacto de la contaminación plástica en los tiburones y los ecosistemas marinos.
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