Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Marine Debris Distribution in Pulo Aceh Waters, Indonesia

The movement of marine debris in the ocean relies on hydrodynamic conditions formed by the seabed topography and coastal morphology.Therefore, it is important to understand debris distribution patterns using numerical simulations.Pulo Aceh is situated in the north of Aceh Province, the westernmost province of Indonesia, featuring small islands and marine waters that are connected to the Indian Ocean, Malacca Strait, and the Andaman Sea.The geographical position of this island results in dynamic particle movement.The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of marine debris around Pulo Aceh waters through numerical simulation of particle tracking.The basic hydrodynamic model used before running the particle-tracking module was the FM flow model.This model relies on essential input data including bathymetry, tides, and wind information.Four particle release points were established in the Pulo Aceh waters: Krueng Aceh, near Nasi Island, Sabang, and north of Breueh Island.Field observations were also conducted at two locations on Nasi Island, Alue Riyeung and Nipah Beach, to obtain information on the distribution and concentration of the marine debris.The model showed that the water circulation generally moved northward through the waters between Weh Island and Pulo Aceh, resulting in the movement of debris particles towards the Andaman Sea beyond the boundary conditions.However, some particles are also stranded on the beach, potentially contaminating the coastal environment, including Nasi Island.Field validation confirmed that marine debris is dominated by plastics originating from several countries, mostly Indonesia.Notably, the model particle trajectories suggest the potential presence of particles reaching the beach, causing environmental pollution.