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Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics: Understanding how Toxins Interact with the Body
Summary
Researchers reviewed the principles of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics as applied to environmental contaminants, detailing how substances such as microplastic-associated chemicals enter the body through dermal, inhalation, and ingestion routes and interact with biological systems to produce toxic effects.
Humans interact with a wide range of environmental toxicants through different pathways. The concepts of toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic elucidate the penetration of various toxicants in the body through various routes particularly dermal, inhalation, and ingestion and their interaction with living systems. Toxicokinetic(s) elaborates on the dosage, time duration and route of penetration of different xenobiotics as well as environmental toxicants while the term toxicodynamic explain the dynamic interactions of these xenobiotics and toxicants with different body organs. Different toxicants including mercury, lead, arsenic, paraquat and perfluoroalkyl substances activate various signaling pathways which exert different impacts on body organs. This chapter will elucidate how a drug or toxicant enters the body and interacts with various organs.